A diagnosis of tuberculosis infection or disease in a young child represents recent TB transmission. This recent exposure increases the likelihood of determining the source case and finding other contacts who are at risk for progression to TB disease. Consequently, improvement of TB follow-up and prevention efforts related to children can aid in reducing the overall incidence and prevalence of TB infection and disease among all age groups.This project will evaluate and establish methodologies for pediatric related contact investigations, source case investigations, and screenings. By investigating these activities, TB programs can improve or enhance existing approaches to preventing TB in children. This project will also result in the development of a format that will allow other TB programs to evaluate program performance through examination of their pediatric cases.